@article{renlund_use_2025,
	title = {Use of a Silicon Microneedle Chip-Based Device for the Extraction and Subsequent Analysis of Dermal Interstitial Fluid in Heart Failure Patients},
	volume = {15},
	rights = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
	issn = {2075-4418},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/8/989},
	doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15080989},
	abstract = {Background/Objectives: Dermal interstitial fluid ({dISF}) is probably the most interesting biofluid for biomarker analysis as an alternative to blood, enabling higher patient comfort and closer or even continuous biomarker monitoring. The prerequisite for {dISF}-based analysis tools is having convenient access to {dISF}, as well as a better knowledge of the presence, concentration, and dynamics of biomarkers in {dISF}. Hollow microneedles represent one of the most promising platforms for access to pure {dISF}, enabling the mining of biomarker information. Methods and Results: Here, a microneedle-based method for {dISF} sampling is presented, where a combination of hollow microneedles and sub-pressure is used to optimize both penetration depth in skin and dermal interstitial fluid sampling volumes, and the design of an open, prospective, exploratory, and interventional study to examine the detectability of inflammatory and cardiocirculatory biomarkers in the {dISF} of heart failure patients, the relationship between {dISF}-derived and blood-derived biomarker levels, and their kinetics during a cardiopulmonary exercise test ({CPET}) is introduced. Conclusions: The {dISF} sampling method and study presented here will foster research on biomarkers in {dISF} in general and in heart failure patients in particular. The study is part of the European project {DIGIPREDICT}—Digital Edge {AI}-deployed {DIGItal} Twins for {PREDICTing} disease progression and the need for early intervention in infectious and cardiovascular diseases beyond {COVID}-19.},
	pages = {989},
	number = {8},
	journaltitle = {Diagnostics},
	shortjournal = {Diagnostics},
	author = {Renlund, Markus and Kopp Fernandes, Laurenz and Rangsten, Pelle and Hillmering, Mikael and Mosel, Sara and Issa, Ziad and Falk, Volkmar and Meyer, Alexander and Schoenrath, Felix},
	urldate = {2025-04-23},
	date = {2025-04-13},
	langid = {english},
}